Fluorescein Angiography (FA) is a specialized investigation, performed with the help of a sophisticated machine (FA camera), which helps us study the retina and its blood vessels. The procedure helps us determine whether the retina and blood vessels are normal or not, it helps us diagnose the extent of abnormality, and it also helps us pin point the exact area of abnormality or leakage, and thus help in planning a very precise treatment for the disease.

This procedure does not require any admission, and is performed on an OPD basis. The whole procedure takes only a few minutes. After dilating the pupils, photographs of retina are taken using the FA camera. Following this, a special dye (Sodium Fluorescein) is injected in a vein of arm, and then immediately multiple photographs of retina are taken, using some special filters in the FA camera. These photographs identify the abnormal areas in the retina and its blood vessels and also identify the points of leakages.

FA is a very safe procedure, except for occasional possible side effects like nausea, vomiting and mild allergic reactions. Although the serious side effects like vasovagal shock and severe allergic reactions are rare possibilities, the hospital is well equipped with emergency measures to handle the situation. The dye gets excreted out of the body within about 48 hours, primarily in the urine, thereby discolouring it bright orange-yellow. No precautions need to be taken after the test and the patient can return to normal activity.

FFA is useful in eye conditions that affect the retina and its blood vessels, e.g., diabetes, high blood pressure, Eales’ disease, Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD), blockage of blood vessels, Vitreous hemorrhage, CSR, etc. The abnormal leaking blood vessels or other abnormal leaking areas may need to be treated by laser treatments. The exact type and placement of laser therapy is determined by the results of FA. Often multiple sittings of laser may be required. FA may also need to be repeated, to monitor the progress of the disease and to observe the effects of laser treatment.